obspy.imaging - Plotting routines for ObsPy

This module provides routines for plotting and displaying often used in seismology. It can currently plot waveform data, generate spectrograms and draw beachballs. The module obspy.imaging depends on the plotting module matplotlib.

copyright:

The ObsPy Development Team (devs@obspy.org)

license:

GNU Lesser General Public License, Version 3 (https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/lesser.html)

Seismograms

This submodule can plot multiple Trace in one Stream object and has various other optional arguments to adjust the plot, such as color and tick format changes.

Additionally the start and end time of the plot can be given as UTCDateTime objects.

Examples files may be retrieved via https://examples.obspy.org.

>>> from obspy import read
>>> st = read()
>>> print(st)  
3 Trace(s) in Stream:
BW.RJOB..EHZ | 2009-08-24T00:20:03.000000Z - ... | 100.0 Hz, 3000 samples
BW.RJOB..EHN | 2009-08-24T00:20:03.000000Z - ... | 100.0 Hz, 3000 samples
BW.RJOB..EHE | 2009-08-24T00:20:03.000000Z - ... | 100.0 Hz, 3000 samples
>>> st.plot(color='gray', tick_format='%I:%M %p',  
...         starttime=st[0].stats.starttime,
...         endtime=st[0].stats.starttime+20)
<...Figure ...>

(Source code, png)

../_images/obspy-imaging-1.png

Spectrograms

The obspy.imaging.spectrogram submodule plots spectrograms.

The spectrogram will on default have 90% overlap and a maximum sliding window size of 4096 points. For more info see obspy.imaging.spectrogram.spectrogram().

>>> from obspy import read
>>> st = read()
>>> st[0].spectrogram(log=True)

(Source code, png)

../_images/obspy-imaging-2.png

Beachballs

Draws a beach ball diagram of an earthquake focal mechanism.

Note

ObsPy ships with two engines for beachball generation.

  1. obspy.imaging.beachball is based on the program from the Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) and the MATLAB script bb.m written by Andy Michael and Oliver Boyd, which both have known limitations.

  2. obspy.imaging.mopad_wrapper is based on the the Moment tensor Plotting and Decomposition tool (MoPaD) [Krieger2012]. MoPaD is more correct, however it consumes much more processing time.

The function calls for creating beachballs are similar in both modules. The following examples are based on the first module, however those example will also work with MoPaD by using

>>> from obspy.imaging.mopad_wrapper import beachball

and

>>> from obspy.imaging.mopad_wrapper import beach

respectively.

Examples

  1. The focal mechanism can be given by 3 (strike, dip, and rake) components. The strike is of the first plane, clockwise relative to north. The dip is of the first plane, defined clockwise and perpendicular to strike, relative to horizontal such that 0 is horizontal and 90 is vertical. The rake is of the first focal plane solution. 90 moves the hanging wall up-dip (thrust), 0 moves it in the strike direction (left-lateral), -90 moves it down-dip (normal), and 180 moves it opposite to strike (right-lateral).

    >>> from obspy.imaging.beachball import beachball
>>> np1 = [150, 87, 1]
>>> fig = beachball(np1)

    (Source code, png)

    ../_images/obspy-imaging-3.png

  2. The focal mechanism can also be specified using the 6 independent components of the moment tensor (M11, M22, M33, M12, M13, M23). For obspy.imaging.beachball.beachball() (1, 2, 3) corresponds to (Up, South, East) which is equivalent to (r, theta, phi). For obspy.imaging.mopad_wrapper.beachball() the coordinate system can be chosen and includes the choices ‘NED’ (North, East, Down), ‘USE’ (Up, South, East), ‘NWU’ (North, West, Up) or ‘XYZ’.

    >>> from obspy.imaging.beachball import beachball
>>> mt = [-2.39, 1.04, 1.35, 0.57, -2.94, -0.94]
>>> fig = beachball(mt)

    (Source code, png)

    ../_images/obspy-imaging-4.png

    For more info see obspy.imaging.beachball.beachball() and obspy.imaging.mopad_wrapper.beachball().

  3. Plot the beach ball as matplotlib collection into an existing plot.

    >>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
>>> from obspy.imaging.beachball import beach
>>>
>>> np1 = [150, 87, 1]
>>> mt = [-2.39, 1.04, 1.35, 0.57, -2.94, -0.94]
>>> beach1 = beach(np1, xy=(-70, 80), width=30)
>>> beach2 = beach(mt, xy=(50, 50), width=50)
>>>
>>> plt.plot([-100, 100], [0, 100], "rv", ms=20) 
[<matplotlib.lines.Line2D object at 0x...>]
>>> ax = plt.gca()
>>> ax.add_collection(beach1) 
>>> ax.add_collection(beach2) 
>>> ax.set_aspect("equal")
>>> ax.set_xlim((-120, 120))  
(-120, 120)
>>> ax.set_ylim((-20, 120))  
(-20, 120)

    (Source code, png)

    ../_images/obspy-imaging-5.png

    For more info see obspy.imaging.beachball.beach() and obspy.imaging.mopad_wrapper.beach().

Saving plots into files

All plotting routines offer an outfile argument to save the result into a file.

The outfile parameter is also used to automatically determine the file format. Available output formats mainly depend on your matplotlib settings. Common formats are png, svg, pdf or ps.

>>> from obspy import read
>>> st = read()
>>> st.plot(outfile='graph.png')

Classes & Functions

scripts.scan.Scanner

Class to scan contents of waveform files, file by file or recursively across directory trees.

scripts.scan.scan

type plot:

bool or str

cm.pqlx

PQLX colormap

Modules

beachball

Draws a beachball diagram of an earthquake focal mechanism

cm

Module for ObsPy's default colormaps.

maps

Module for map related plotting in ObsPy.

mopad_wrapper

ObsPy wrapper to the Moment tensor Plotting and Decomposition tool (MoPaD) written by Lars Krieger and Sebastian Heimann.

source

Functions to compute and plot radiation patterns

spectrogram

Plotting spectrogram of seismograms.

util

Waveform plotting utilities.

waveform

Waveform plotting for obspy.Stream objects.

Scripts

scripts.scan

Scan a directory to determine the data availability.

scripts.plot

Simple script to plot waveforms in one or more files.

scripts.mopad

MoPaD command line utility.