#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
FDSN Web service client for ObsPy.
:copyright:
The ObsPy Development Team (devs@obspy.org)
:license:
GNU Lesser General Public License, Version 3
(https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/lesser.html)
"""
import collections.abc
import copy
import gzip
import io
import os
import re
import textwrap
import threading
import warnings
from collections import OrderedDict
from http.client import HTTPException, IncompleteRead
from urllib.parse import urlparse
# since python 3.10 socket.timeout is just an alias for builtin TimeoutError
# and python docs state that it is a "deprecated alias", so that alias might
# get removed at some point (or probably just kept forever), so be ready for it
# here
try:
from socket import timeout as socket_timeout
except ImportError:
socket_timeout = TimeoutError
from lxml import etree
import obspy
from obspy import UTCDateTime, read_inventory
from obspy.core.util.deprecation_helpers import ObsPyDeprecationWarning
from .header import (DEFAULT_PARAMETERS, DEFAULT_USER_AGENT, FDSNWS,
OPTIONAL_PARAMETERS, PARAMETER_ALIASES,
URL_DEFAULT_SUBPATH, URL_MAPPINGS, URL_MAPPING_SUBPATHS,
WADL_PARAMETERS_NOT_TO_BE_PARSED, DEFAULT_SERVICES,
FDSNException, FDSNRedirectException, FDSNNoDataException,
FDSNTimeoutException,
FDSNNoAuthenticationServiceException,
FDSNBadRequestException, FDSNNoServiceException,
FDSNInternalServerException,
FDSNNotImplementedException,
FDSNBadGatewayException,
FDSNTooManyRequestsException,
FDSNRequestTooLargeException,
FDSNServiceUnavailableException,
FDSNUnauthorizedException,
FDSNForbiddenException,
FDSNDoubleAuthenticationException,
FDSNInvalidRequestException)
from .wadl_parser import WADLParser
from urllib.parse import urlencode
import urllib.request as urllib_request
import queue
DEFAULT_SERVICE_VERSIONS = {'dataselect': 1, 'station': 1, 'event': 1}
[docs]
class CustomRedirectHandler(urllib_request.HTTPRedirectHandler):
"""
Custom redirection handler to also do it for POST requests which the
standard library does not do by default.
"""
[docs]
def redirect_request(self, req, fp, code, msg, headers, newurl):
"""
Copied and modified from the standard library.
"""
# Force the same behaviour for GET, HEAD, and POST.
m = req.get_method()
if (not (code in (301, 302, 303, 307) and
m in ("GET", "HEAD", "POST"))):
raise urllib_request.HTTPError(req.full_url, code, msg, headers,
fp)
# be conciliant with URIs containing a space
newurl = newurl.replace(' ', '%20')
content_headers = ("content-length", "content-type")
newheaders = dict((k, v) for k, v in req.headers.items()
if k.lower() not in content_headers)
# Also redirect the data of the request which the standard library
# interestingly enough does not do.
return urllib_request.Request(
newurl, headers=newheaders,
data=req.data,
origin_req_host=req.origin_req_host,
unverifiable=True)
[docs]
class NoRedirectionHandler(urllib_request.HTTPRedirectHandler):
"""
Handler that does not direct!
"""
[docs]
def redirect_request(self, req, fp, code, msg, headers, newurl):
"""
Copied and modified from the standard library.
"""
raise FDSNRedirectException(
"Requests with credentials (username, password) are not being "
"redirected by default to improve security. To force redirects "
"and if you trust the data center, set `force_redirect` to True "
"when initializing the Client.")
[docs]
class Client(object):
"""
FDSN Web service request client.
For details see the :meth:`~obspy.clients.fdsn.client.Client.__init__()`
method.
"""
# Dictionary caching any discovered service. Therefore repeatedly
# initializing a client with the same base URL is cheap.
__service_discovery_cache = {}
#: Regex for UINT8
RE_UINT8 = r'(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|[0-1]?\d{1,2})'
#: Regex for HEX4
RE_HEX4 = r'(?:[\d,a-f]{4}|[1-9,a-f][0-9,a-f]{0,2}|0)'
#: Regex for IPv4
RE_IPv4 = r'(?:' + RE_UINT8 + r'(?:\.' + RE_UINT8 + r'){3})'
#: Regex for IPv6
RE_IPv6 = \
r'(?:\[' + RE_HEX4 + r'(?::' + RE_HEX4 + r'){7}\]' + \
r'|\[(?:' + RE_HEX4 + r':){0,5}' + RE_HEX4 + r'::\]' + \
r'|\[::' + RE_HEX4 + r'(?::' + RE_HEX4 + r'){0,5}\]' + \
r'|\[::' + RE_HEX4 + r'(?::' + RE_HEX4 + r'){0,3}:' + RE_IPv4 + \
r'\]' + \
r'|\[' + RE_HEX4 + r':' + \
r'(?:' + RE_HEX4 + r':|:' + RE_HEX4 + r'){0,4}' + \
r':' + RE_HEX4 + r'\])'
#: Regex for checking the validity of URLs
URL_REGEX = r'https?://' + \
r'(' + RE_IPv4 + \
r'|' + RE_IPv6 + \
r'|localhost' + \
r'|\w(?:[\w-]*\w)?' + \
r'|(?:\w(?:[\w-]{0,61}[\w])?\.){1,}([a-z][a-z0-9-]{1,62}))' + \
r'(?::\d{2,5})?' + \
r'(/[\w\.-]+)*/?$'
[docs]
@classmethod
def _validate_base_url(cls, base_url):
if re.match(cls.URL_REGEX, base_url, re.IGNORECASE):
return True
else:
return False
[docs]
def __init__(self, base_url="EARTHSCOPE", major_versions=None, user=None,
password=None, user_agent=DEFAULT_USER_AGENT, debug=False,
timeout=120, service_mappings=None, force_redirect=False,
eida_token=None, _discover_services=True, use_gzip=True):
"""
Initializes an FDSN Web Service client.
>>> client = Client("EARTHSCOPE")
>>> print(client) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE
FDSN Webservice Client (base url: http://service.iris.edu)
Available Services: 'dataselect' (v...), 'event' (v...),
'station' (v...), 'available_event_catalogs',
'available_event_contributors'
Use e.g. client.help('dataselect') for the
parameter description of the individual services
or client.help() for parameter description of
all webservices.
:type base_url: str
:param base_url: Base URL of FDSN web service compatible server
(e.g. "http://service.iris.edu") or key string for recognized
server (one of %s).
:type major_versions: dict
:param major_versions: Allows to specify custom major version numbers
for individual services (e.g.
`major_versions={'station': 2, 'dataselect': 3}`), otherwise the
latest version at time of implementation will be used.
:type user: str
:param user: User name of HTTP Digest Authentication for access to
restricted data.
:type password: str
:param password: Password of HTTP Digest Authentication for access to
restricted data.
:type user_agent: str
:param user_agent: The user agent for all requests.
:type debug: bool
:param debug: Debug flag.
:type timeout: float
:param timeout: Maximum time (in seconds) to wait for a single request
to receive the first byte of the response (after which an exception
is raised).
:type service_mappings: dict
:param service_mappings: For advanced use only. Allows the direct
setting of the endpoints of the different services. (e.g.
``service_mappings={'station': 'http://example.com/test/stat/1'}``)
Valid keys are ``event``, ``station``, and ``dataselect``. This
will overwrite the ``base_url`` and ``major_versions`` arguments.
For all services not specified, the default default locations
indicated by ``base_url`` and ``major_versions`` will be used. Any
service that is manually specified as ``None`` (e.g.
``service_mappings={'event': None}``) will be deactivated.
:type force_redirect: bool
:param force_redirect: By default the client will follow all HTTP
redirects as long as no credentials (username and password)
are given. If credentials are given it will raise an exception
when a redirect is discovered. This is done to improve security.
Settings this flag to ``True`` will force all redirects to be
followed even if credentials are given.
:type eida_token: str
:param eida_token: Token for EIDA authentication mechanism, see
http://geofon.gfz-potsdam.de/waveform/archive/auth/index.php. If a
token is provided, options ``user`` and ``password`` must not be
used. This mechanism is only available on select EIDA nodes. The
token can be provided in form of the PGP message as a string, or
the filename of a local file with the PGP message in it.
:type _discover_services: bool
:param _discover_services: By default the client will query information
about the FDSN endpoint when it is instantiated. In certain cases,
this may place a heavy load on the FDSN service provider. If set
to ``False``, no service discovery is performed and default
parameter support is assumed. This parameter is experimental and
will likely be removed in the future.
:type use_gzip: bool
:param use_gzip: Can be set to ``False`` to opt out of gzip
compression, i.e. not tell the server that gzip compressed response
is acceptable which should make the server not try gzip compression
on results. Can be used if servers experience server side issues
with gzip compression but results in downloads being larger in
size.
"""
self.debug = debug
self.user = user
self.timeout = timeout
self._force_redirect = force_redirect
self.use_gzip = use_gzip
# Cache for the webservice versions. This makes interactive use of
# the client more convenient.
self.__version_cache = {}
if base_url.upper() == 'IRIS':
base_url = 'EARTHSCOPE'
msg = ("IRIS is now EarthScope, please consider changing the FDSN "
"client short URL to 'EARTHSCOPE'.")
warnings.warn(msg, ObsPyDeprecationWarning)
if base_url.upper() in URL_MAPPINGS:
url_mapping = base_url.upper()
base_url = URL_MAPPINGS[url_mapping]
url_subpath = URL_MAPPING_SUBPATHS.get(
url_mapping, URL_DEFAULT_SUBPATH)
else:
if base_url.isalpha():
msg = "The FDSN service shortcut `{}` is unknown."\
.format(base_url)
raise ValueError(msg)
url_subpath = URL_DEFAULT_SUBPATH
# Make sure the base_url does not end with a slash.
base_url = base_url.strip("/")
# Catch invalid URLs to avoid confusing error messages
if not self._validate_base_url(base_url):
msg = "The FDSN service base URL `{}` is not a valid URL."\
.format(base_url)
raise ValueError(msg)
self.base_url = base_url
self.url_subpath = url_subpath
self._set_opener(user, password)
self.request_headers = {"User-Agent": user_agent}
# Avoid mutable kwarg.
if major_versions is None:
major_versions = {}
# Make a copy to avoid overwriting the default service versions.
self.major_versions = DEFAULT_SERVICE_VERSIONS.copy()
self.major_versions.update(major_versions)
# Avoid mutable kwarg.
if service_mappings is None:
service_mappings = {}
self._service_mappings = service_mappings
if self.debug is True:
print("Base URL: %s" % self.base_url)
if self._service_mappings:
print("Custom service mappings:")
for key, value in self._service_mappings.items():
print("\t%s: '%s'" % (key, value))
print("Request Headers: %s" % str(self.request_headers))
if _discover_services:
self._discover_services()
else:
self.services = DEFAULT_SERVICES.copy()
# Use EIDA token if provided - this requires setting new url openers.
#
# This can only happen after the services have been discovered as
# the clients needs to know if the fdsnws implementation has support
# for the EIDA token system.
#
# This is a non-standard feature but we support it, given the number
# of EIDA nodes out there.
if eida_token is not None:
# Make sure user/pw are not also given.
if user is not None or password is not None:
msg = ("EIDA authentication token provided, but "
"user and password are also given.")
raise FDSNDoubleAuthenticationException(msg)
self.set_eida_token(eida_token)
@property
def _has_eida_auth(self):
return self.services.get('eida-auth', False)
[docs]
def set_credentials(self, user, password):
"""
Set user and password resulting in subsequent web service
requests for waveforms being authenticated for potential access to
restricted data.
This will overwrite any previously set-up credentials/authentication.
:type user: str
:param user: User name of credentials.
:type password: str
:param password: Password for given user name.
"""
self.user = user
self._set_opener(user, password)
[docs]
def set_eida_token(self, token, validate=True):
"""
Fetch user and password from the server using the provided token,
resulting in subsequent web service requests for waveforms being
authenticated for potential access to restricted data.
This only works for select EIDA nodes and relies on the auth mechanism
described here:
http://geofon.gfz-potsdam.de/waveform/archive/auth/index.php
This will overwrite any previously set-up credentials/authentication.
:type token: str
:param token: Token for EIDA authentication mechanism, see
http://geofon.gfz-potsdam.de/waveform/archive/auth/index.php.
This mechanism is only available on select EIDA nodes. The token
can be provided in form of the PGP message as a string, or the
filename of a local file with the PGP message in it.
:type validate: bool
:param validate: Whether to sanity check the token before sending it to
the EIDA server or not.
"""
user, password = self._resolve_eida_token(token, validate=validate)
self.set_credentials(user, password)
[docs]
def _set_opener(self, user, password):
# Only add the authentication handler if required.
handlers = []
if user is not None and password is not None:
# Create an OpenerDirector for HTTP Digest Authentication
password_mgr = urllib_request.HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm()
password_mgr.add_password(None, self.base_url, user, password)
handlers.append(urllib_request.HTTPDigestAuthHandler(password_mgr))
if (user is None and password is None) or self._force_redirect is True:
# Redirect if no credentials are given or the force_redirect
# flag is True.
handlers.append(CustomRedirectHandler())
else:
handlers.append(NoRedirectionHandler())
# Don't install globally to not mess with other codes.
self._url_opener = urllib_request.build_opener(*handlers)
if self.debug:
print('Installed new opener with handlers: {!s}'.format(handlers))
[docs]
def _resolve_eida_token(self, token, validate=True):
"""
Use the token to get credentials.
"""
if not self._has_eida_auth:
msg = ("EIDA token authentication requested but service at '{}' "
"does not specify /dataselect/auth in the "
"dataselect/application.wadl.").format(self.base_url)
raise FDSNNoAuthenticationServiceException(msg)
token_file = None
# check if there's a local file that matches the provided string
if os.path.isfile(token):
token_file = token
with open(token_file, 'rb') as fh:
token = fh.read().decode()
# sanity check on the token
if validate:
if not _validate_eida_token(token):
if token_file:
msg = ("Read EIDA token from file '{}' but it does not "
"seem to contain a valid PGP message.").format(
token_file)
else:
msg = ("EIDA token does not seem to be a valid PGP "
"message. If you passed a filename, make sure the "
"file actually exists.")
raise ValueError(msg)
# force https so that we don't send around tokens unsecurely
url = 'https://{}{}/dataselect/1/auth'.format(
urlparse(self.base_url).netloc + urlparse(self.base_url).path,
self.url_subpath)
# paranoid: check again that we only send the token to https
if urlparse(url).scheme != "https":
msg = 'This should not happen, please file a bug report.'
raise Exception(msg)
# Already does the error checking with fdsnws semantics.
response = self._download(url=url, data=token.encode(),
return_string=True,
content_type='application/octet-stream')
user, password = response.decode().split(':')
if self.debug:
print('Got temporary user/pw: {}/{}'.format(user, password))
return user, password
[docs]
def get_events(self, starttime=None, endtime=None, minlatitude=None,
maxlatitude=None, minlongitude=None, maxlongitude=None,
latitude=None, longitude=None, minradius=None,
maxradius=None, mindepth=None, maxdepth=None,
minmagnitude=None, maxmagnitude=None, magnitudetype=None,
eventtype=None, includeallorigins=None,
includeallmagnitudes=None, includearrivals=None,
eventid=None, limit=None, offset=None, orderby=None,
catalog=None, contributor=None, updatedafter=None,
filename=None, **kwargs):
"""
Query the event service of the client.
>>> client = Client("EARTHSCOPE")
>>> cat = client.get_events(eventid=609301)
>>> print(cat)
1 Event(s) in Catalog:
1997-10-14T09:53:11.070000Z | -22.145, -176.720 | 7.8 ...
The return value is a :class:`~obspy.core.event.Catalog` object
which can contain any number of events.
>>> t1 = UTCDateTime("2001-01-07T00:00:00")
>>> t2 = UTCDateTime("2001-01-07T03:00:00")
>>> cat = client.get_events(starttime=t1, endtime=t2, minmagnitude=4,
... catalog="ISC")
>>> print(cat)
3 Event(s) in Catalog:
2001-01-07T02:55:59.290000Z | +9.801, +76.548 | 4.9 ...
2001-01-07T02:35:35.170000Z | -21.291, -68.308 | 4.4 ...
2001-01-07T00:09:25.630000Z | +22.946, -107.011 | 4.0 ...
:type starttime: :class:`~obspy.core.utcdatetime.UTCDateTime`, optional
:param starttime: Limit to events on or after the specified start time.
:type endtime: :class:`~obspy.core.utcdatetime.UTCDateTime`, optional
:param endtime: Limit to events on or before the specified end time.
:type minlatitude: float, optional
:param minlatitude: Limit to events with a latitude larger than the
specified minimum.
:type maxlatitude: float, optional
:param maxlatitude: Limit to events with a latitude smaller than the
specified maximum.
:type minlongitude: float, optional
:param minlongitude: Limit to events with a longitude larger than the
specified minimum.
:type maxlongitude: float, optional
:param maxlongitude: Limit to events with a longitude smaller than the
specified maximum.
:type latitude: float, optional
:param latitude: Specify the latitude to be used for a radius search.
:type longitude: float, optional
:param longitude: Specify the longitude to be used for a radius
search.
:type minradius: float, optional
:param minradius: Limit to events within the specified minimum number
of degrees from the geographic point defined by the latitude and
longitude parameters.
:type maxradius: float, optional
:param maxradius: Limit to events within the specified maximum number
of degrees from the geographic point defined by the latitude and
longitude parameters.
:type mindepth: float, optional
:param mindepth: Limit to events with depth, in kilometers, larger than
the specified minimum.
:type maxdepth: float, optional
:param maxdepth: Limit to events with depth, in kilometers, smaller
than the specified maximum.
:type minmagnitude: float, optional
:param minmagnitude: Limit to events with a magnitude larger than the
specified minimum.
:type maxmagnitude: float, optional
:param maxmagnitude: Limit to events with a magnitude smaller than the
specified maximum.
:type magnitudetype: str, optional
:param magnitudetype: Specify a magnitude type to use for testing the
minimum and maximum limits.
:type eventtype: str, optional
:param eventtype: Limit to events with a specified event type.
Multiple types are comma-separated (e.g.,
``"earthquake,quarry blast"``). Allowed values are from QuakeML.
See :const:`obspy.core.event.header.EventType` for a list of
allowed event types.
:type includeallorigins: bool, optional
:param includeallorigins: Specify if all origins for the event should
be included, default is data center dependent but is suggested to
be the preferred origin only.
:type includeallmagnitudes: bool, optional
:param includeallmagnitudes: Specify if all magnitudes for the event
should be included, default is data center dependent but is
suggested to be the preferred magnitude only.
:type includearrivals: bool, optional
:param includearrivals: Specify if phase arrivals should be included.
:type eventid: str or int, optional
:param eventid: Select a specific event by ID; event identifiers are
data center specific (String or Integer).
:type limit: int, optional
:param limit: Limit the results to the specified number of events.
:type offset: int, optional
:param offset: Return results starting at the event count specified,
starting at 1.
:type orderby: str, optional
:param orderby: Order the result by time or magnitude with the
following possibilities:
* time: order by origin descending time
* time-asc: order by origin ascending time
* magnitude: order by descending magnitude
* magnitude-asc: order by ascending magnitude
:type catalog: str, optional
:param catalog: Limit to events from a specified catalog
:type contributor: str, optional
:param contributor: Limit to events contributed by a specified
contributor.
:type updatedafter: :class:`~obspy.core.utcdatetime.UTCDateTime`,
optional
:param updatedafter: Limit to events updated after the specified time.
:type filename: str or file
:param filename: If given, the downloaded data will be saved there
instead of being parsed to an ObsPy object. Thus it will contain
the raw data from the webservices.
Any additional keyword arguments will be passed to the webservice as
additional arguments. If you pass one of the default parameters and the
webservice does not support it, a warning will be issued. Passing any
non-default parameters that the webservice does not support will raise
an error.
"""
if "event" not in self.services:
msg = "The current client does not have an event service."
raise FDSNNoServiceException(msg)
locs = locals()
setup_query_dict('event', locs, kwargs)
url = self._create_url_from_parameters(
"event", DEFAULT_PARAMETERS['event'], kwargs)
data_stream = self._download(url)
data_stream.seek(0, 0)
if filename:
self._write_to_file_object(filename, data_stream)
data_stream.close()
else:
cat = obspy.read_events(data_stream, format="quakeml")
data_stream.close()
return cat
[docs]
def get_stations(self, starttime=None, endtime=None, startbefore=None,
startafter=None, endbefore=None, endafter=None,
network=None, station=None, location=None, channel=None,
minlatitude=None, maxlatitude=None, minlongitude=None,
maxlongitude=None, latitude=None, longitude=None,
minradius=None, maxradius=None, level=None,
includerestricted=None, includeavailability=None,
updatedafter=None, matchtimeseries=None, filename=None,
format=None, **kwargs):
"""
Query the station service of the FDSN client.
>>> client = Client("EARTHSCOPE")
>>> starttime = UTCDateTime("2001-01-01")
>>> endtime = UTCDateTime("2001-01-02")
>>> inventory = client.get_stations(network="IU", station="A*",
... starttime=starttime,
... endtime=endtime)
>>> print(inventory) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE
Inventory created at ...
Created by: IRIS WEB SERVICE: fdsnws-station | version: ...
...
Sending institution: IRIS-DMC (IRIS-DMC)
Contains:
Networks (1):
IU
Stations (3):
IU.ADK (Adak, Aleutian Islands, Alaska)
IU.AFI (Afiamalu, Samoa)
IU.ANMO (Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA)
Channels (0):
>>> inventory.plot() # doctest: +SKIP
.. plot::
from obspy import UTCDateTime
from obspy.clients.fdsn import Client
client = Client()
starttime = UTCDateTime("2001-01-01")
endtime = UTCDateTime("2001-01-02")
inventory = client.get_stations(network="IU", station="A*",
starttime=starttime,
endtime=endtime)
inventory.plot()
The result is an :class:`~obspy.core.inventory.inventory.Inventory`
object which models a StationXML file.
The ``level`` argument determines the amount of returned information.
``level="station"`` is useful for availability queries whereas
``level="response"`` returns the full response information for the
requested channels. ``level`` can furthermore be set to ``"network"``
and ``"channel"``.
>>> inventory = client.get_stations(
... starttime=starttime, endtime=endtime,
... network="IU", sta="ANMO", loc="00", channel="*Z",
... level="response")
>>> print(inventory) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE
Inventory created at ...
Created by: IRIS WEB SERVICE: fdsnws-station | version: ...
...
Sending institution: IRIS-DMC (IRIS-DMC)
Contains:
Networks (1):
IU
Stations (1):
IU.ANMO (Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA)
Channels (4):
IU.ANMO.00.BHZ, IU.ANMO.00.LHZ, IU.ANMO.00.UHZ,
IU.ANMO.00.VHZ
>>> inventory[0].plot_response(min_freq=1E-4) # doctest: +SKIP
.. plot::
from obspy import UTCDateTime
from obspy.clients.fdsn import Client
client = Client()
starttime = UTCDateTime("2001-01-01")
endtime = UTCDateTime("2001-01-02")
inventory = client.get_stations(
starttime=starttime, endtime=endtime,
network="IU", sta="ANMO", loc="00", channel="*Z",
level="response")
inventory[0].plot_response(min_freq=1E-4)
:type starttime: :class:`~obspy.core.utcdatetime.UTCDateTime`
:param starttime: Limit to metadata epochs starting on or after the
specified start time.
:type endtime: :class:`~obspy.core.utcdatetime.UTCDateTime`
:param endtime: Limit to metadata epochs ending on or before the
specified end time.
:type startbefore: :class:`~obspy.core.utcdatetime.UTCDateTime`
:param startbefore: Limit to metadata epochs starting before specified
time.
:type startafter: :class:`~obspy.core.utcdatetime.UTCDateTime`
:param startafter: Limit to metadata epochs starting after specified
time.
:type endbefore: :class:`~obspy.core.utcdatetime.UTCDateTime`
:param endbefore: Limit to metadata epochs ending before specified
time.
:type endafter: :class:`~obspy.core.utcdatetime.UTCDateTime`
:param endafter: Limit to metadata epochs ending after specified time.
:type network: str
:param network: Select one or more network codes. Can be SEED network
codes or data center defined codes. Multiple codes are
comma-separated (e.g. ``"IU,TA"``).
:type station: str
:param station: Select one or more SEED station codes. Multiple codes
are comma-separated (e.g. ``"ANMO,PFO"``).
:type location: str
:param location: Select one or more SEED location identifiers. Multiple
identifiers are comma-separated (e.g. ``"00,01"``). As a
special case ``“--“`` (two dashes) will be translated to a string
of two space characters to match blank location IDs.
:type channel: str
:param channel: Select one or more SEED channel codes. Multiple codes
are comma-separated (e.g. ``"BHZ,HHZ"``).
:type minlatitude: float
:param minlatitude: Limit to stations with a latitude larger than the
specified minimum.
:type maxlatitude: float
:param maxlatitude: Limit to stations with a latitude smaller than the
specified maximum.
:type minlongitude: float
:param minlongitude: Limit to stations with a longitude larger than the
specified minimum.
:type maxlongitude: float
:param maxlongitude: Limit to stations with a longitude smaller than
the specified maximum.
:type latitude: float
:param latitude: Specify the latitude to be used for a radius search.
:type longitude: float
:param longitude: Specify the longitude to be used for a radius
search.
:type minradius: float
:param minradius: Limit results to stations within the specified
minimum number of degrees from the geographic point defined by the
latitude and longitude parameters.
:type maxradius: float
:param maxradius: Limit results to stations within the specified
maximum number of degrees from the geographic point defined by the
latitude and longitude parameters.
:type level: str
:param level: Specify the level of detail for the results ("network",
"station", "channel", "response"), e.g. specify "response" to get
full information including instrument response for each channel.
:type includerestricted: bool
:param includerestricted: Specify if results should include information
for restricted stations.
:type includeavailability: bool
:param includeavailability: Specify if results should include
information about time series data availability.
:type updatedafter: :class:`~obspy.core.utcdatetime.UTCDateTime`
:param updatedafter: Limit to metadata updated after specified date;
updates are data center specific.
:type matchtimeseries: bool
:param matchtimeseries: Only include data for which matching time
series data is available.
:type filename: str or file
:param filename: If given, the downloaded data will be saved there
instead of being parsed to an ObsPy object. Thus it will contain
the raw data from the webservices.
:type format: str
:param format: The format in which to request station information.
``"xml"`` (StationXML) or ``"text"`` (FDSN station text format).
XML has more information but text is much faster.
:rtype: :class:`~obspy.core.inventory.inventory.Inventory`
:returns: Inventory with requested station information.
Any additional keyword arguments will be passed to the webservice as
additional arguments. If you pass one of the default parameters and the
webservice does not support it, a warning will be issued. Passing any
non-default parameters that the webservice does not support will raise
an error.
"""
if "station" not in self.services:
msg = "The current client does not have a station service."
raise FDSNNoServiceException(msg)
locs = locals()
setup_query_dict('station', locs, kwargs)
url = self._create_url_from_parameters(
"station", DEFAULT_PARAMETERS['station'], kwargs)
data_stream = self._download(url)
data_stream.seek(0, 0)
if filename:
self._write_to_file_object(filename, data_stream)
data_stream.close()
else:
# This works with XML and StationXML data.
if format is None or format == 'xml':
inventory = read_inventory(data_stream, format='STATIONXML')
elif format == 'text':
inventory = read_inventory(data_stream, format='STATIONTXT')
else:
inventory = read_inventory(data_stream)
data_stream.close()
return inventory
[docs]
def _attach_responses(self, st):
"""
Helper method to fetch response via get_stations() and attach it to
each trace in stream.
"""
netids = {}
for tr in st:
if tr.id not in netids:
netids[tr.id] = (tr.stats.starttime, tr.stats.endtime)
continue
netids[tr.id] = (
min(tr.stats.starttime, netids[tr.id][0]),
max(tr.stats.endtime, netids[tr.id][1]))
inventories = []
for key, value in netids.items():
net, sta, loc, chan = key.split(".")
starttime, endtime = value
try:
inventories.append(self.get_stations(
network=net, station=sta, location=loc, channel=chan,
starttime=starttime, endtime=endtime, level="response"))
except Exception as e:
warnings.warn(str(e))
st.attach_response(inventories)
[docs]
def get_stations_bulk(self, bulk, level=None, includerestricted=None,
includeavailability=None, filename=None,
minlatitude=None, maxlatitude=None,
minlongitude=None, maxlongitude=None, latitude=None,
longitude=None, minradius=None, maxradius=None,
updatedafter=None, matchtimeseries=None, format=None,
**kwargs):
"""
Query the station service of the client. Bulk request.
Send a bulk request for stations to the server. `bulk` can either be
specified as a filename, a file-like object or a string (with
information formatted according to the FDSN standard) or a list of
lists (each specifying network, station, location, channel, starttime
and endtime). See examples and parameter description for more
details.
`bulk` can be provided in the following forms:
(1) As a list of lists. Each list item has to be list of network,
station, location, channel, starttime and endtime.
(2) As a valid request string/file as defined in the
`FDSNWS documentation <https://www.fdsn.org/webservices/>`_.
The request information can be provided as a..
- a string containing the request information
- a string with the path to a local file with the request
- an open file handle (or file-like object) with the request
>>> client = Client("EARTHSCOPE")
>>> t1 = UTCDateTime("2010-02-27T06:30:00.000")
>>> t2 = t1 + 1
>>> t3 = t1 + 3
>>> bulk = [("IU", "ANMO", "*", "BHZ", t1, t2),
... ("IU", "AFI", "1?", "BHE", t1, t3),
... ("GR", "GRA1", "*", "BH*", t2, t3)]
>>> inv = client.get_stations_bulk(bulk)
>>> print(inv) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE
Inventory created at ...
Created by: IRIS WEB SERVICE: fdsnws-station | version: ...
Sending institution: IRIS-DMC (IRIS-DMC)
Contains:
Networks (2):
GR, IU
Stations (2):
GR.GRA1 (GRAFENBERG ARRAY, BAYERN)
IU.ANMO (Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA)
Channels (0):
>>> inv.plot() # doctest: +SKIP
.. plot::
from obspy import UTCDateTime
from obspy.clients.fdsn import Client
client = Client("EARTHSCOPE")
t1 = UTCDateTime("2010-02-27T06:30:00.000")
t2 = t1 + 1
t3 = t1 + 3
bulk = [("IU", "ANMO", "*", "BHZ", t1, t2),
("IU", "AFI", "1?", "BHE", t1, t3),
("GR", "GRA1", "*", "BH*", t2, t3)]
inv = client.get_stations_bulk(bulk)
inv.plot()
>>> inv = client.get_stations_bulk(bulk, level="channel")
>>> print(inv) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE
Inventory created at ...
Created by: IRIS WEB SERVICE: fdsnws-station | version: ...
Sending institution: IRIS-DMC (IRIS-DMC)
Contains:
Networks (2):
GR, IU
Stations (2):
GR.GRA1 (GRAFENBERG ARRAY, BAYERN)
IU.ANMO (Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA)
Channels (5):
GR.GRA1..BHZ, GR.GRA1..BHN, GR.GRA1..BHE, IU.ANMO.00.BHZ,
IU.ANMO.10.BHZ
>>> inv = client.get_stations_bulk("/tmp/request.txt") \
... # doctest: +SKIP
>>> print(inv) # doctest: +SKIP
Inventory created at 2014-04-28T14:42:26.000000Z
Created by: IRIS WEB SERVICE: fdsnws-station | version: 1.0.14
None
Sending institution: IRIS-DMC (IRIS-DMC)
Contains:
Networks (2):
GR
IU
Stations (2):
GR.GRA1 (GRAFENBERG ARRAY, BAYERN)
IU.ANMO (Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA)
Channels (5):
GR.GRA1..BHE, GR.GRA1..BHN, GR.GRA1..BHZ, IU.ANMO.00.BHZ,
IU.ANMO.10.BHZ
:type bulk: str, file or list[list]
:param bulk: Information about the requested data. See above for
details.
:type minlatitude: float
:param minlatitude: Limit to stations with a latitude larger than the
specified minimum.
:type maxlatitude: float
:param maxlatitude: Limit to stations with a latitude smaller than the
specified maximum.
:type minlongitude: float
:param minlongitude: Limit to stations with a longitude larger than the
specified minimum.
:type maxlongitude: float
:param maxlongitude: Limit to stations with a longitude smaller than
the specified maximum.
:type latitude: float
:param latitude: Specify the latitude to be used for a radius search.
:type longitude: float
:param longitude: Specify the longitude to be used for a radius
search.
:type minradius: float
:param minradius: Limit results to stations within the specified
minimum number of degrees from the geographic point defined by the
latitude and longitude parameters.
:type maxradius: float
:param maxradius: Limit results to stations within the specified
maximum number of degrees from the geographic point defined by the
latitude and longitude parameters.
:type level: str
:param level: Specify the level of detail for the results ("network",
"station", "channel", "response"), e.g. specify "response" to get
full information including instrument response for each channel.
:type includerestricted: bool
:param includerestricted: Specify if results should include information
for restricted stations.
:type includeavailability: bool
:param includeavailability: Specify if results should include
information about time series data availability.
:type updatedafter: :class:`~obspy.core.utcdatetime.UTCDateTime`
:param updatedafter: Limit to metadata updated after specified date;
updates are data center specific.
:type matchtimeseries: bool
:param matchtimeseries: Only include data for which matching time
series data is available.
:type filename: str or file
:param filename: If given, the downloaded data will be saved there
instead of being parsed to an ObsPy object. Thus it will contain
the raw data from the webservices.
:type format: str
:param format: The format in which to request station information.
``"xml"`` (StationXML) or ``"text"`` (FDSN station text format).
XML has more information but text is much faster.
Any additional keyword arguments will be passed to the webservice as
additional arguments. If you pass one of the default parameters and the
webservice does not support it, a warning will be issued. Passing any
non-default parameters that the webservice does not support will raise
an error.
"""
if "station" not in self.services:
msg = "The current client does not have a station service."
raise FDSNNoServiceException(msg)
arguments = OrderedDict(
minlatitude=minlatitude,
maxlatitude=maxlatitude,
minlongitude=minlongitude,
maxlongitude=maxlongitude,
latitude=latitude,
longitude=longitude,
minradius=minradius,
maxradius=maxradius,
level=level,
includerestricted=includerestricted,
includeavailability=includeavailability,
updatedafter=updatedafter,
matchtimeseries=matchtimeseries,
format=format
)
bulk = get_bulk_string(bulk, arguments)
url = self._build_url("station", "query")
data_stream = self._download(
url, data=bulk, content_type='text/plain')
data_stream.seek(0, 0)
if filename:
self._write_to_file_object(filename, data_stream)
data_stream.close()
return
else:
# Works with text and StationXML data.
if format is None or format == 'xml':
inv = read_inventory(data_stream, format='STATIONXML')
elif format == 'text':
inv = read_inventory(data_stream, format='STATIONTXT')
else:
inv = read_inventory(data_stream)
data_stream.close()
return inv
[docs]
def _write_to_file_object(self, filename_or_object, data_stream):
if hasattr(filename_or_object, "write"):
filename_or_object.write(data_stream.read())
return
with open(filename_or_object, "wb") as fh:
fh.write(data_stream.read())
[docs]
def _create_url_from_parameters(self, service, default_params, parameters):
"""
"""
service_params = self.services[service]
# Get all required parameters and make sure they are available!
required_parameters = [
key for key, value in service_params.items()
if value["required"] is True]
for req_param in required_parameters:
if req_param not in parameters:
msg = "Parameter '%s' is required." % req_param
raise TypeError(msg)
final_parameter_set = {}
# Now loop over all parameters, convert them and make sure they are
# accepted by the service.
for key, value in parameters.items():
if key not in service_params:
# If it is not in the service but in the default parameters
# raise a warning.
if key in default_params:
msg = ("The standard parameter '%s' is not supported by "
"the webservice. It will be silently ignored." %
key)
warnings.warn(msg)
continue
elif key in WADL_PARAMETERS_NOT_TO_BE_PARSED:
msg = ("The parameter '%s' is ignored because it is not "
"useful within ObsPy")
warnings.warn(msg % key)
continue
# Otherwise raise an error.
else:
msg = \
"The parameter '%s' is not supported by the service." \
% key
raise TypeError(msg)
# Now attempt to convert the parameter to the correct type.
this_type = service_params[key]["type"]
# Try to decode to be able to work with bytes.
if this_type is str:
try:
value = value.decode()
except AttributeError:
pass
try:
value = this_type(value)
except Exception:
msg = "'%s' could not be converted to type '%s'." % (
str(value), this_type.__name__)
raise TypeError(msg)
# Now convert to a string that is accepted by the webservice.
value = convert_to_string(value)
final_parameter_set[key] = value
return self._build_url(service, "query",
parameters=final_parameter_set)
[docs]
def __str__(self):
versions = dict([(s, self._get_webservice_versionstring(s))
for s in self.services if s in FDSNWS])
services_string = ["'%s' (v%s)" % (s, versions[s])
for s in FDSNWS if s in self.services]
other_services = sorted([s for s in self.services if s not in FDSNWS])
services_string += ["'%s'" % s for s in other_services]
services_string = ", ".join(services_string)
ret = ("FDSN Webservice Client (base url: {url})\n"
"Available Services: {services}\n\n"
"Use e.g. client.help('dataselect') for the\n"
"parameter description of the individual services\n"
"or client.help() for parameter description of\n"
"all webservices.".format(url=self.base_url,
services=services_string))
return ret
[docs]
def _repr_pretty_(self, p, cycle):
p.text(str(self))
[docs]
def help(self, service=None):
"""
Print a more extensive help for a given service.
This will use the already parsed WADL files and be specific for each
data center and always up-to-date.
"""
if service is not None and service not in self.services:
msg = "Service '%s' not available for current client." % service
raise ValueError(msg)
if service is None:
services = list(self.services.keys())
elif service in FDSNWS:
services = [service]
else:
msg = "Service '%s is not a valid FDSN web service." % service
raise ValueError(msg)
msg = []
for service in services:
if service not in FDSNWS:
continue
service_default = DEFAULT_PARAMETERS[service]
service_optional = OPTIONAL_PARAMETERS[service]
msg.append("Parameter description for the "
"'%s' service (v%s) of '%s':" % (
service,
self._get_webservice_versionstring(service),
self.base_url))
# Loop over all parameters and group them in four lists: available
# default parameters, missing default parameters, optional
# parameters and additional parameters.
available_default_parameters = []
missing_default_parameters = []
optional_parameters = []
additional_parameters = []
printed_something = False
for name in service_default:
if name in self.services[service]:
available_default_parameters.append(name)
else:
missing_default_parameters.append(name)
for name in service_optional:
if name in self.services[service]:
optional_parameters.append(name)
defined_parameters = service_default + service_optional
for name in self.services[service].keys():
if name not in defined_parameters:
additional_parameters.append(name)
def _param_info_string(name):
param = self.services[service][name]
name = "%s (%s)" % (name, param["type"].__name__.replace(
'new', ''))
req_def = ""
if param["required"]:
req_def = "Required Parameter"
elif param["default_value"]:
req_def = "Default value: %s" % str(param["default_value"])
if param["options"]:
req_def += ", Choices: %s" % \
", ".join(map(str, param["options"]))
if req_def:
req_def = ", %s" % req_def
if param["doc_title"]:
doc_title = textwrap.fill(param["doc_title"], width=79,
initial_indent=" ",
subsequent_indent=" ",
break_long_words=False)
doc_title = "\n" + doc_title
else:
doc_title = ""
return " {name}{req_def}{doc_title}".format(
name=name, req_def=req_def, doc_title=doc_title)
if optional_parameters:
printed_something = True
msg.append("The service offers the following optional "
"standard parameters:")
for name in optional_parameters:
msg.append(_param_info_string(name))
if additional_parameters:
printed_something = True
msg.append("The service offers the following "
"non-standard parameters:")
for name in sorted(additional_parameters):
msg.append(_param_info_string(name))
if missing_default_parameters:
printed_something = True
msg.append("WARNING: The service does not offer the following "
"standard parameters: %s" %
", ".join(missing_default_parameters))
if service == "event" and \
"available_event_catalogs" in self.services:
printed_something = True
msg.append("Available catalogs: %s" %
", ".join(
self.services["available_event_catalogs"]))
if service == "event" and \
"available_event_contributors" in self.services:
printed_something = True
msg.append("Available contributors: %s" %
", ".join(
self.services["available_event_contributors"]))
if printed_something is False:
msg.append("No derivations from standard detected")
print("\n".join(msg))
[docs]
def _download(self, url, return_string=False, data=None, use_gzip=None,
content_type=None):
# make it possible to have a default for gzip set on client
# initialization but also be able to override it here (for dataselect
# requests)
if use_gzip is None:
use_gzip = self.use_gzip
headers = self.request_headers.copy()
if content_type:
headers['Content-Type'] = content_type
code, data = download_url(
url, opener=self._url_opener, headers=headers,
debug=self.debug, return_string=return_string, data=data,
timeout=self.timeout, use_gzip=use_gzip)
raise_on_error(code, data)
return data
[docs]
def _build_url(self, service, resource_type, parameters={}):
"""
Builds the correct URL.
Replaces "query" with "queryauth" if client has authentication
information.
"""
# authenticated dataselect queries have different target URL
if self.user is not None:
if service == "dataselect" and resource_type == "query":
resource_type = "queryauth"
return build_url(self.base_url, service, self.major_versions[service],
resource_type, parameters,
service_mappings=self._service_mappings,
subpath=self.url_subpath)
[docs]
def _discover_services(self):
"""
Automatically discovers available services.
They are discovered by downloading the corresponding WADL files. If a
WADL does not exist, the services are assumed to be non-existent.
"""
services = ["dataselect", "event", "station"]
# omit manually deactivated services
for service, custom_target in self._service_mappings.items():
if custom_target is None:
services.remove(service)
urls = [self._build_url(service, "application.wadl")
for service in services]
if "event" in services:
urls.append(self._build_url("event", "catalogs"))
urls.append(self._build_url("event", "contributors"))
# Access cache if available.
url_hash = frozenset(urls)
if url_hash in self.__service_discovery_cache:
if self.debug is True:
print("Loading discovered services from cache.")
self.services = copy.deepcopy(
self.__service_discovery_cache[url_hash])
return
# Request all in parallel.
wadl_queue = queue.Queue()
headers = self.request_headers
debug = self.debug
opener = self._url_opener
def get_download_thread(url):
class ThreadURL(threading.Thread):
def run(self):
# Catch 404s.
try:
code, data = download_url(
url, opener=opener, headers=headers,
debug=debug, timeout=self._timeout)
if code == 200:
wadl_queue.put((url, data))
# Pass on the redirect exception.
elif code is None and isinstance(
data, FDSNRedirectException):
wadl_queue.put((url, data))
else:
wadl_queue.put((url, None))
except urllib_request.HTTPError as e:
if e.code in [404, 502]:
wadl_queue.put((url, None))
else:
raise
except urllib_request.URLError:
wadl_queue.put((url, "timeout"))
except socket_timeout:
wadl_queue.put((url, "timeout"))
threadurl = ThreadURL()
threadurl._timeout = self.timeout
return threadurl
threads = list(map(get_download_thread, urls))
for thread in threads:
thread.start()
for thread in threads:
thread.join(15)
self.services = {}
# Collect the redirection exceptions to be able to raise nicer
# exceptions.
redirect_messages = set()
for _ in range(wadl_queue.qsize()):
item = wadl_queue.get()
url, wadl = item
# Just a safety measure.
if hasattr(wadl, "decode"):
decoded_wadl = wadl.decode('utf-8')
else:
decoded_wadl = wadl
if wadl is None:
continue
elif isinstance(wadl, FDSNRedirectException):
redirect_messages.add(str(wadl))
continue
elif decoded_wadl == "timeout":
raise FDSNTimeoutException("Timeout while requesting '%s'."
% url)
if "dataselect" in url:
wadl_parser = WADLParser(wadl)
self.services["dataselect"] = wadl_parser.parameters
# check if EIDA auth endpoint is in wadl
# we need to attach it to the discovered services, as these are
# later loaded from cache and just attaching an attribute to
# this client won't help knowing later if EIDA auth is
# supported at the server. a bit ugly but can't be helped.
if wadl_parser._has_eida_auth:
self.services["eida-auth"] = True
if self.debug is True:
print("Discovered dataselect service")
elif "event" in url and "application.wadl" in url:
self.services["event"] = WADLParser(wadl).parameters
if self.debug is True:
print("Discovered event service")
elif "station" in url:
self.services["station"] = WADLParser(wadl).parameters
if self.debug is True:
print("Discovered station service")
elif "event" in url and "catalogs" in url:
try:
self.services["available_event_catalogs"] = \
parse_simple_xml(wadl)["catalogs"]
# XXX can be removed when IRIS/Earthscope drops its event
# webservice
if '.iris.' in url or 'earthscope' in url:
self.services["available_event_catalogs"] = \
_cleanup_earthscope(
self.services["available_event_catalogs"])
except ValueError:
msg = "Could not parse the catalogs at '%s'." % url
warnings.warn(msg)
elif "event" in url and "contributors" in url:
try:
self.services["available_event_contributors"] = \
parse_simple_xml(wadl)["contributors"]
# XXX can be removed when IRIS/Earthscope drops its event
# webservice
if '.iris.' in url or 'earthscope' in url:
self.services["available_event_contributors"] = \
_cleanup_earthscope(
self.services["available_event_contributors"])
except ValueError:
msg = "Could not parse the contributors at '%s'." % url
warnings.warn(msg)
if not self.services:
if redirect_messages:
raise FDSNRedirectException(", ".join(redirect_messages))
msg = ("No FDSN services could be discovered at '%s'. This could "
"be due to a temporary service outage or an invalid FDSN "
"service address." % self.base_url)
raise FDSNNoServiceException(msg)
# Cache.
if self.debug is True:
print("Storing discovered services in cache.")
self.__service_discovery_cache[url_hash] = \
copy.deepcopy(self.services)
[docs]
def get_webservice_version(self, service):
"""
Get full version information of webservice (as a tuple of ints).
This method is cached and will only be called once for each service
per client object.
"""
if service is not None and service not in self.services:
msg = "Service '%s' not available for current client." % service
raise ValueError(msg)
if service not in FDSNWS:
msg = "Service '%s is not a valid FDSN web service." % service
raise ValueError(msg)
# Access cache.
if service in self.__version_cache:
return self.__version_cache[service]
url = self._build_url(service, "version")
version = self._download(url, return_string=True)
version = list(map(int, version.split(b".")))
# Store in cache.
self.__version_cache[service] = version
return version
[docs]
def _get_webservice_versionstring(self, service):
"""
Get full version information of webservice as a string.
"""
version = self.get_webservice_version(service)
return ".".join(map(str, version))
[docs]
def _attach_dataselect_url_to_stream(self, st):
"""
Attaches the actually used dataselet URL to each Trace.
"""
url = self._build_url("dataselect", "query")
for tr in st:
tr.stats._fdsnws_dataselect_url = url
[docs]
def convert_to_string(value):
"""
Takes any value and converts it to a string compliant with the FDSN
webservices.
Will raise a ValueError if the value could not be converted.
>>> print(convert_to_string("abcd"))
abcd
>>> print(convert_to_string(1))
1
>>> print(convert_to_string(1.2))
1.2
>>> print(convert_to_string( \
UTCDateTime(2012, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 666666)))
2012-01-02T03:04:05.666666
>>> print(convert_to_string(True))
true
>>> print(convert_to_string(False))
false
"""
if isinstance(value, str):
return value
# Boolean test must come before integer check!
elif isinstance(value, bool):
return str(value).lower()
elif isinstance(value, int):
return str(value)
elif isinstance(value, float):
return str(value)
elif isinstance(value, UTCDateTime):
return str(value).replace("Z", "")
else:
raise TypeError("Unexpected type %s" % repr(value))
[docs]
def build_url(base_url, service, major_version, resource_type,
parameters=None, service_mappings=None, subpath='fdsnws'):
"""
URL builder for the FDSN webservices.
Built as a separate function to enhance testability.
>>> print(build_url("http://service.iris.edu", "dataselect", 1, \
"application.wadl"))
http://service.iris.edu/fdsnws/dataselect/1/application.wadl
>>> print(build_url("http://service.iris.edu", "dataselect", 1, \
"query", {"cha": "EHE"}))
http://service.iris.edu/fdsnws/dataselect/1/query?cha=EHE
"""
# Avoid mutable kwargs.
if parameters is None:
parameters = {}
if service_mappings is None:
service_mappings = {}
# Only allow certain resource types.
if service not in ["dataselect", "event", "station"]:
msg = "Resource type '%s' not allowed. Allowed types: \n%s" % \
(service, ",".join(("dataselect", "event", "station")))
raise ValueError(msg)
# Special location handling.
if "location" in parameters:
loc = parameters["location"].replace(" ", "")
# Empty location.
if not loc:
loc = "--"
# Empty location at start of list.
if loc.startswith(','):
loc = "--" + loc
# Empty location at end of list.
if loc.endswith(','):
loc += "--"
# Empty location in middle of list.
loc = loc.replace(",,", ",--,")
parameters["location"] = loc
# Apply per-service mappings if any.
if service in service_mappings:
url = "/".join((service_mappings[service], resource_type))
else:
if subpath is None:
parts = (base_url, service, str(major_version),
resource_type)
else:
parts = (base_url, subpath.lstrip('/'), service,
str(major_version), resource_type)
url = "/".join(parts)
if parameters:
# Strip parameters.
for key, value in parameters.items():
try:
parameters[key] = value.strip()
except Exception:
pass
url = "?".join((url, urlencode(parameters)))
return url
[docs]
def raise_on_error(code, data):
"""
Raise an error for non-200 HTTP response codes
:type code: int
:param code: HTTP response code
:type data: :class:`io.BytesIO`
:param data: Data returned by the server
"""
# there can be random network issues that prevent us getting a proper HTTP
# response and they need to handled differently
if code is None:
if (isinstance(data, (socket_timeout, TimeoutError)) or
"timeout" in str(data).lower() or
"timed out" in str(data).lower()):
raise FDSNTimeoutException("Timed Out")
else:
raise FDSNException("Unknown Error (%s): %s" % (
(str(data.__class__.__name__), str(data))))
# get detailed server response message from a proper HTTP response to
# prepare raising a specific exception including the info response from the
# server
if code != 200:
# let's try to resolve all the different types that `data` can sadly
# have..
# first, if it's `BytesIO` (or should it for whatever reason be
# `StringIO` which it shouldn't..) then break it down by reading it
try:
server_info = data.read()
# if there is no `read()` method it should be `bytes`
except AttributeError:
server_info = data
# now decode the bytes (or if for whatever weird reason we ended up
# with a string, then do nothing more)
try:
server_info = server_info.decode('ASCII', errors='ignore')
except AttributeError:
pass
if server_info:
server_info = "\n".join(
line for line in server_info.splitlines() if line)
# No data.
if code == 204:
raise FDSNNoDataException("No data available for request.",
server_info)
elif code == 400:
msg = ("Bad request. If you think your request was valid "
"please contact the developers.")
raise FDSNBadRequestException(msg, server_info)
elif code == 401:
raise FDSNUnauthorizedException("Unauthorized, authentication "
"required.", server_info)
elif code == 403:
raise FDSNForbiddenException("Authentication failed.",
server_info)
elif code == 413:
raise FDSNRequestTooLargeException("Request would result in too much "
"data. Denied by the datacenter. "
"Split the request in smaller "
"parts", server_info)
# Request URI too large.
elif code == 414:
msg = ("The request URI is too large. Please contact the ObsPy "
"developers.", server_info)
raise NotImplementedError(msg)
elif code == 429:
msg = ("Sent too many requests in a given amount of time ('rate "
"limiting'). Wait before making a new request.")
raise FDSNTooManyRequestsException(msg, server_info)
elif code == 500:
raise FDSNInternalServerException("Service responds: Internal server "
"error", server_info)
elif code == 501:
raise FDSNNotImplementedException("Service responds: Not implemented ",
server_info)
elif code == 502:
raise FDSNBadGatewayException("Service responds: Bad gateway ",
server_info)
elif code == 503:
raise FDSNServiceUnavailableException("Service temporarily "
"unavailable",
server_info)
# Catch any non 200 codes.
elif code != 200:
raise FDSNException("Unknown HTTP code: %i" % code, server_info)
[docs]
def download_url(url, opener, timeout=10, headers={}, debug=False,
return_string=True, data=None, use_gzip=True):
"""
Returns a pair of tuples.
The first one is the returned HTTP code and the second the data as
string.
Will return a tuple of Nones if the service could not be found.
All encountered exceptions will get raised unless `debug=True` is
specified.
Performs a http GET if data=None, otherwise a http POST.
"""
if debug is True:
print("Downloading %s %s requesting gzip compression" % (
url, "with" if use_gzip else "without"))
if data:
print("Sending along the following payload:")
print("-" * 70)
print(data.decode())
print("-" * 70)
try:
request = urllib_request.Request(url=url, headers=headers)
# Request gzip encoding if desired.
if use_gzip:
request.add_header("Accept-encoding", "gzip")
url_obj = opener.open(request, timeout=timeout, data=data)
# Catch HTTP errors.
except urllib_request.HTTPError as e:
# try hard to assemble the most details on what the problem is from the
# exception object
try:
error_msg = e.msg
except AttributeError:
error_msg = None
try:
error_details = e.read()
except Exception:
error_details = None
if error_details:
# looks like we get bytes back so let's decode but be robust just
# in case
try:
error_details = error_details.decode('UTF-8', errors='ignore')
except AttributeError:
pass
if error_msg and error_details:
error_data = f'{error_msg}\n{error_details}'
elif error_msg:
error_data = error_msg
elif error_details:
error_data = error_details
else:
error_data = None
if debug is True:
msg = "HTTP error %i, reason %s, while downloading '%s': %s" % \
(e.code, str(e.reason), url, error_data or '')
print(msg)
return e.code, error_data
except Exception as e:
if debug is True:
print("Error while downloading: %s" % url)
return None, e
code = url_obj.getcode()
# Unpack gzip if necessary.
if url_obj.info().get("Content-Encoding") == "gzip":
if debug is True:
print("Uncompressing gzipped response for %s" % url)
# Cannot directly stream to gzip from urllib!
# http://www.enricozini.org/2011/cazzeggio/python-gzip/
try:
reader = url_obj.read()
except IncompleteRead:
msg = 'Problem retrieving data from datacenter. '
msg += 'Try reducing size of request.'
raise HTTPException(msg)
buf = io.BytesIO(reader)
buf.seek(0, 0)
f = gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=buf)
else:
f = url_obj
if return_string is False:
data = io.BytesIO(f.read())
else:
data = f.read()
if debug is True:
print("Downloaded %s with HTTP code: %i" % (url, code))
return code, data
[docs]
def setup_query_dict(service, locs, kwargs):
"""
"""
# check if alias is used together with the normal parameter
for key in kwargs:
if key in PARAMETER_ALIASES:
if locs[PARAMETER_ALIASES[key]] is not None:
msg = ("two parameters were provided for the same option: "
"%s, %s" % (key, PARAMETER_ALIASES[key]))
raise FDSNInvalidRequestException(msg)
# short aliases are not mentioned in the downloaded WADLs, so we have
# to map it here according to the official FDSN WS documentation
for key in list(kwargs.keys()):
if key in PARAMETER_ALIASES:
value = kwargs.pop(key)
if value is not None:
kwargs[PARAMETER_ALIASES[key]] = value
for param in DEFAULT_PARAMETERS[service] + OPTIONAL_PARAMETERS[service]:
param = PARAMETER_ALIASES.get(param, param)
value = locs[param]
if value is not None:
kwargs[param] = value
[docs]
def parse_simple_xml(xml_string):
"""
Simple helper function for parsing the Catalog and Contributor availability
files.
Parses XMLs of the form::
<Bs>
<total>4</total>
<B>1</B>
<B>2</B>
<B>3</B>
<B>4</B>
</Bs>
and return a dictionary with a single item::
{"Bs": set(("1", "2", "3", "4"))}
"""
root = etree.fromstring(xml_string.strip())
if not root.tag.endswith("s"):
msg = "Could not parse the XML."
raise ValueError(msg)
child_tag = root.tag[:-1]
children = [i.text for i in root if i.tag == child_tag]
return {root.tag.lower(): set(children)}
[docs]
def get_bulk_string(bulk, arguments):
if not bulk:
msg = ("Empty 'bulk' parameter potentially leading to a FDSN request "
"of all available data")
raise FDSNInvalidRequestException(msg)
# If its an iterable, we build up the query string from it
# StringIO objects also have __iter__ so check for 'read' as well
if isinstance(bulk, collections.abc.Iterable) \
and not hasattr(bulk, "read") \
and not isinstance(bulk, str):
tmp = ["%s=%s" % (key, convert_to_string(value))
for key, value in arguments.items() if value is not None]
# empty location codes have to be represented by two dashes
tmp += [" ".join((net, sta, loc or "--", cha,
convert_to_string(t1), convert_to_string(t2)))
for net, sta, loc, cha, t1, t2 in bulk]
bulk = "\n".join(tmp)
else:
if any([value is not None for value in arguments.values()]):
msg = ("Parameters %s are ignored when request data is "
"provided as a string or file!")
warnings.warn(msg % arguments.keys())
# if it has a read method, read data from there
if hasattr(bulk, "read"):
bulk = bulk.read()
elif isinstance(bulk, str):
# check if bulk is a local file
if "\n" not in bulk and os.path.isfile(bulk):
with open(bulk, 'r') as fh:
tmp = fh.read()
bulk = tmp
# just use bulk as input data
else:
pass
else:
msg = ("Unrecognized input for 'bulk' argument. Please "
"contact developers if you think this is a bug.")
raise NotImplementedError(msg)
if hasattr(bulk, "encode"):
bulk = bulk.encode("ascii")
return bulk
[docs]
def _validate_eida_token(token):
"""
Just a basic check if the string contains something that looks like a PGP
message
"""
if re.search(pattern='BEGIN PGP MESSAGE', string=token,
flags=re.IGNORECASE):
return True
elif re.search(pattern='BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE', string=token,
flags=re.IGNORECASE):
return True
return False
[docs]
def _cleanup_earthscope(items):
"""
IRIS/Earthscope has all "catalogs" and "contributors" suffixed with "\n "
and has confirmed that this will not be fixed. So need to clean up here.
Can be removed when Earthscope drops its event service
"""
new_items = []
for item in items:
if item.endswith('\n '):
item = item[:-2]
new_items.append(item)
return new_items
if __name__ == '__main__':
import doctest
doctest.testmod(exclude_empty=True)