obspy.core.utcdatetime.UTCDateTime

class UTCDateTime(*args, **kwargs)

Bases: object

A UTC-based datetime object.

This datetime class is based on the POSIX time, a system for describing instants in time, defined as the number of seconds elapsed since midnight Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) of Thursday, January 1, 1970. Internally, the POSIX time is represented in nanoseconds as an integer, which allows higher precision than the default Python datetime.datetime class. It features the full ISO8601:2004 specification and some additional string patterns during object initialization.

Parameters

• args (int, float, str, datetime.datetime, optional) – The creation of a new UTCDateTime object depends from the given input parameters. All possible options are summarized in the Examples section below.

• iso8601 (bool or None, optional) – Enforce/disable ISO8601:2004 mode. Defaults to None for auto detection. Works only with a string as first input argument.

• strict (bool, optional) – If True, Conform to ISO8601:2004 limits on positional and keyword arguments. If False, allow hour, minute, second, and microsecond values to exceed 23, 59, 59, and 1_000_000 respectively.

• precision (int, optional) – Sets the precision used by the rich comparison operators. Defaults to 6 digits after the decimal point. See also Precision section below.

Changed in version 1.1.0: UTCDateTime is no longer based on a single floating point value but rather an integer representing nanoseconds elapsed since midnight Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) of Thursday, January 1, 1970. An integer internal representation allows higher precision and more predictable behavior than a float representation.

Supported Operations

UTCDateTime = UTCDateTime + delta

Adds/removes delta seconds (given as int or float) to/from the current UTCDateTime object and returns a new UTCDateTime object. See also: __add__().

delta = UTCDateTime - UTCDateTime

Calculates the time difference in seconds between two UTCDateTime objects. The time difference is given as float data type and may also contain a negative number. See also: __sub__().

Examples

1. Using a timestamp.

   >>> UTCDateTime(0)
   UTCDateTime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0)
   

   >>> UTCDateTime(1240561632)
   UTCDateTime(2009, 4, 24, 8, 27, 12)
   

   >>> UTCDateTime(1240561632.5)
   UTCDateTime(2009, 4, 24, 8, 27, 12, 500000)
   

2. Using a ISO8601:2004 string. The detection may be enabled/disabled using the``iso8601`` parameter, the default is to attempt to auto-detect ISO8601 compliant strings.

   • Calendar date representation.

     >>> UTCDateTime("2009-12-31T12:23:34.5")
     UTCDateTime(2009, 12, 31, 12, 23, 34, 500000)
     

     >>> UTCDateTime("20091231T122334.5")           # compact
     UTCDateTime(2009, 12, 31, 12, 23, 34, 500000)
     

     >>> UTCDateTime("2009-12-31T12:23:34.5Z")      # w/o time zone
     UTCDateTime(2009, 12, 31, 12, 23, 34, 500000)
     

     >>> UTCDateTime("2009-12-31T12:23:34+01:15")   # w/ time zone
     UTCDateTime(2009, 12, 31, 11, 8, 34)
     

   • Ordinal date representation.

     >>> UTCDateTime("2009-365T12:23:34.5")
     UTCDateTime(2009, 12, 31, 12, 23, 34, 500000)
     

     >>> UTCDateTime("2009365T122334.5")            # compact
     UTCDateTime(2009, 12, 31, 12, 23, 34, 500000)
     

     >>> UTCDateTime("2009001", iso8601=True)       # enforce ISO8601
     UTCDateTime(2009, 1, 1, 0, 0)
     

     >>> UTCDateTime("2009360T")                    # compact no time
     UTCDateTime(2009, 12, 26, 0, 0)
     

   • Week date representation.

     >>> UTCDateTime("2009-W53-7T12:23:34.5")
     UTCDateTime(2010, 1, 3, 12, 23, 34, 500000)
     

     >>> UTCDateTime("2009W537T122334.5")           # compact
     UTCDateTime(2010, 1, 3, 12, 23, 34, 500000)
     

     >>> UTCDateTime("2009W011", iso8601=True)      # enforce ISO8601
     UTCDateTime(2008, 12, 29, 0, 0)
     

   • Specifying time zones.

     >>> UTCDateTime('2019-09-18T+06')  # time zone is UTC+6
     UTCDateTime(2019, 9, 17, 18, 0)
     

     >>> UTCDateTime('2019-09-18T02-02')  # time zone is UTC-2
     UTCDateTime(2019, 9, 18, 4, 0)
     

     >>> UTCDateTime('2019-09-18T18:23:10.22-01')  # time zone is UTC-1
     UTCDateTime(2019, 9, 18, 19, 23, 10, 220000)
     

3. Using not ISO8601 compatible strings.

   >>> UTCDateTime("1970-01-01 12:23:34")
   UTCDateTime(1970, 1, 1, 12, 23, 34)
   

   >>> UTCDateTime("1970,01,01,12:23:34")
   UTCDateTime(1970, 1, 1, 12, 23, 34)
   

   >>> UTCDateTime("1970,001,12:23:34")
   UTCDateTime(1970, 1, 1, 12, 23, 34)
   

   >>> UTCDateTime("20090701121212")
   UTCDateTime(2009, 7, 1, 12, 12, 12)
   

   >>> UTCDateTime("19700101")
   UTCDateTime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0)
   

   >>> UTCDateTime("20110818_03:00:00")
   UTCDateTime(2011, 8, 18, 3, 0)
   

   >>> UTCDateTime("1970/01/17 12:23:34")
   UTCDateTime(1970, 1, 17, 12, 23, 34)
   

4. Using multiple arguments in the following order: year, month, day[, hour[, minute[, second[, microsecond]]]. The year, month and day arguments are required.

   >>> UTCDateTime(1970, 1, 1)
   UTCDateTime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0)
   

   >>> UTCDateTime(1970, 1, 1, 12, 23, 34, 123456)
   UTCDateTime(1970, 1, 1, 12, 23, 34, 123456)
   

5. Using the following keyword arguments: year, month, day, julday, hour, minute, second, microsecond. Either the combination of year, month and day, or year and Julian day are required. This is the only input mode that supports using hour, minute, or second values above the natural limits of 24, 60, 60, respectively.

   >>> UTCDateTime(year=1970, month=1, day=1, minute=15, microsecond=20)
   UTCDateTime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 15, 0, 20)
   

   >>> UTCDateTime(year=2009, julday=234, hour=14, minute=13)
   UTCDateTime(2009, 8, 22, 14, 13)
   

6. Using a Python datetime.datetime object.

   >>> dt = datetime.datetime(2009, 5, 24, 8, 28, 12, 5001)
   >>> UTCDateTime(dt)
   UTCDateTime(2009, 5, 24, 8, 28, 12, 5001)
   

7. Using strict=False the limits of hour, minute, and second become more flexible:

   >>> UTCDateTime(year=1970, month=1, day=1, hour=48, strict=False)
   UTCDateTime(1970, 1, 3, 0, 0)
   

Precision

The UTCDateTime class works with a default precision of 6 digits which effects the comparison of date/time values, e.g.:

>>> dt = UTCDateTime(0)
>>> dt2 = UTCDateTime(0.00001)
>>> dt3 = UTCDateTime(0.0000001)
>>> print(dt.precision)
6
>>> dt == dt2  # 5th digit is within current precision
False
>>> dt == dt3  # 7th digit will be neglected
True

You may change that behavior either by,

1. using the precision keyword during object initialization (preferred):

   >>> dt = UTCDateTime(0, precision=4)
   >>> dt2 = UTCDateTime(0.00001, precision=4)
   >>> print(dt.precision)
   4
   >>> dt == dt2
   True
   

2. or by setting the class attribute DEFAULT_PRECISION to the desired precision to affect all new UTCDateTime objects (not recommended):

   >>> UTCDateTime.DEFAULT_PRECISION = 4
   >>> dt = UTCDateTime(0)
   >>> dt2 = UTCDateTime(0.00001)
   >>> print(dt.precision)
   4
   >>> dt == dt2
   True
   

   Don’t forget to reset DEFAULT_PRECISION if not needed anymore!

   >>> UTCDateTime.DEFAULT_PRECISION = 6
   

Attributes

DEFAULT_PRECISION
date	Returns a Python date object..
datetime	Returns a Python datetime object.
day	Returns day as an integer.
hour	Returns hour as an integer.
julday	Returns Julian day as an integer.
matplotlib_date	Maplotlib date number representation.
microsecond	Returns microseconds as an integer.
minute	Returns minute as an integer.
month	Returns month as an integer (January is 1, December is 12).
ns	Returns POSIX timestamp as integer nanoseconds.
precision	Returns precision of current UTCDateTime object.
second	Returns seconds as an integer.
time	Returns a Python time object.
timestamp	Returns UTC timestamp in seconds.
weekday	Return the day of the week as an integer (Monday is 0, Sunday is 6).
year	Returns year of the current UTCDateTime object.

Public Methods

ctime	Return a string representing the date and time.
dst	Returns None (to stay compatible with datetime.datetime)
format_arclink	Returns string representation for the ArcLink protocol.
format_fissures	Returns string representation for the IRIS Fissures protocol.
format_iris_web_service	Returns string representation usable for the IRIS Web services.
format_seed	Returns string representation for a SEED volume.
format_seedlink	Returns string representation for the SeedLink protocol.
isocalendar	Returns a tuple containing (ISO year, ISO week number, ISO weekday).
isoformat	Return a string representing the date and time in ISO 8601 format.
isoweekday	Return the day of the week as an integer (Monday is 1, Sunday is 7).
now	Returns current UTC datetime.
replace	Return a new UTCDateTime object with one or more parameters replaced.
strftime	Return a string representing the date and time, controlled by an explicit format string.
strptime	Return a UTCDateTime corresponding to date_string, parsed according to given format.
timetuple	Return a time.struct_time such as returned by time.localtime().
timetz	Return time object with same hour, minute, second, microsecond, and tzinfo attributes.
toordinal	Return proleptic Gregorian ordinal.
tzname	Returns None (to stay compatible with datetime.datetime)
utcnow	Returns current UTC datetime.
utcoffset	Returns None (to stay compatible with datetime.datetime)
utctimetuple	Return a time.struct_time of current UTCDateTime object.

Private Methods

Warning

Private methods are mainly for internal/developer use and their API might change without notice.

UTCDateTime._from_datetime(dt)

Use Python datetime object to set current time.

Parameters

dt (datetime.datetime) – Python datetime object.

UTCDateTime._from_iso8601_string(value)

Parses an ISO8601:2004 date time string.

UTCDateTime._from_timestamp(value)

Use given timestamp to set current time.

Parameters

value (int, float) – Timestamp in seconds.

UTCDateTime._get_date()

Returns a Python date object..

Return type

datetime.date

Returns

Python date object.

Example

>>> dt = UTCDateTime(2008, 10, 1, 12, 30, 35, 45020)
>>> dt.date
datetime.date(2008, 10, 1)

UTCDateTime._get_datetime()

Returns a Python datetime object.

Return type

datetime.datetime

Returns

Python datetime object.

Example

>>> dt = UTCDateTime(2008, 10, 1, 12, 30, 35, 45020)
>>> dt.datetime
datetime.datetime(2008, 10, 1, 12, 30, 35, 45020)

UTCDateTime._get_day()

Returns day as an integer.

Return type

int

Returns

Returns day as an integer.

Example

>>> dt = UTCDateTime(2012, 2, 11)
>>> dt.day
11

UTCDateTime._get_hour()

Returns hour as an integer.

Return type

int

Returns

Returns hour as an integer.

Example

>>> dt = UTCDateTime(2012, 2, 11, 10, 11, 12)
>>> dt.hour
10

UTCDateTime._get_hours_after_midnight()

Calculate foating point hours after midnight.

>>> t = UTCDateTime("2015-09-27T03:16:12.123456Z")
>>> t._get_hours_after_midnight()
3.270034293333333

UTCDateTime._get_julday()

Returns Julian day as an integer.

Return type

int

Returns

Julian day as an integer.

Example

>>> dt = UTCDateTime(2008, 10, 1, 12, 30, 35, 45020)
>>> dt.julday
275

UTCDateTime._get_microsecond()

Returns microseconds as an integer.

Return type

int

Returns

Returns microseconds as an integer.

Example

>>> dt = UTCDateTime(2012, 2, 11, 10, 11, 12, 345234)
>>> dt.microsecond
345234

UTCDateTime._get_minute()

Returns minute as an integer.

Return type

int

Returns

Returns minute as an integer.

Example

>>> dt = UTCDateTime(2012, 2, 11, 10, 11, 12)
>>> dt.minute
11

UTCDateTime._get_month()

Returns month as an integer (January is 1, December is 12).

Return type

int

Returns

Returns month as an integer, where January is 1 and December is 12.

Example

>>> dt = UTCDateTime(2012, 2, 11)
>>> dt.month
2

UTCDateTime._get_ns()

Returns POSIX timestamp as integer nanoseconds.

This is the internal representation of UTCDateTime objects.

Return type

int

Returns

POSIX timestamp as integer nanoseconds

UTCDateTime._get_precision()

Returns precision of current UTCDateTime object.

Returns

int

Example

>>> dt = UTCDateTime()
>>> dt.precision
6

UTCDateTime._get_second()

Returns seconds as an integer.

Return type

int

Returns

Returns seconds as an integer.

Example

>>> dt = UTCDateTime(2012, 2, 11, 10, 11, 12)
>>> dt.second
12

UTCDateTime._get_time()

Returns a Python time object.

Return type

datetime.time

Returns

Python time object.

Example

>>> dt = UTCDateTime(2008, 10, 1, 12, 30, 35, 45020)
>>> dt.time
datetime.time(12, 30, 35, 45020)

UTCDateTime._get_timestamp()

Returns UTC timestamp in seconds.

Return type

float

Returns

Timestamp in seconds.

Example

>>> dt = UTCDateTime(2008, 10, 1, 12, 30, 35, 123456)
>>> dt.timestamp
1222864235.123456

UTCDateTime._get_weekday()

Return the day of the week as an integer (Monday is 0, Sunday is 6).

Return type

int

Returns

Returns day of the week as an integer, where Monday is 0 and Sunday is 6.

Example

>>> dt = UTCDateTime(2008, 10, 1, 12, 30, 35, 45020)
>>> dt.weekday
2

UTCDateTime._get_year()

Returns year of the current UTCDateTime object.

Return type

int

Returns

Returns year as an integer.

Example

>>> dt = UTCDateTime(2012, 2, 11)
>>> dt.year
2012

UTCDateTime._handle_overflow(year, month, day, hour=0, minute=0, second=0, microsecond=0)

Handles setting date if an overflow of usual value limits is detected.

UTCDateTime._operate(other, op_func)

UTCDateTime._repr_pretty_(p, cycle)

UTCDateTime._set(**kwargs)

Sets current timestamp using kwargs.

UTCDateTime._set_day(value)

Sets day of current UTCDateTime object.

Parameters

value (int) – Day

UTCDateTime._set_hour(value)

Sets hours of current UTCDateTime object.

Parameters

value (int) – Hours

UTCDateTime._set_julday(value)

Sets Julian day of current UTCDateTime object.

Parameters

value (int) – Julian day

UTCDateTime._set_microsecond(value)

Sets microseconds of current UTCDateTime object.

Parameters

value (int) – Microseconds

UTCDateTime._set_minute(value)

Sets minutes of current UTCDateTime object.

Parameters

value (int) – Minutes

UTCDateTime._set_month(value)

Sets month of current UTCDateTime object.

Parameters

value (int) – Month

UTCDateTime._set_ns(value)

Set UTCDateTime object from POSIX timestamp as integer nanoseconds.

Parameters

value (int) – POSIX timestamp as integer nanoseconds

UTCDateTime._set_precision(value=6)

Set precision of current UTCDateTime object.

Parameters

value (int, optional) – Precision value used by the rich comparison operators. Defaults to 6.

Example

1. Default precision

   >>> dt = UTCDateTime()
   >>> dt.precision
   6
   

2. Set precision during initialization of UTCDateTime object.

   >>> dt = UTCDateTime(precision=5)
   >>> dt.precision
   5
   

UTCDateTime._set_second(value)

Sets seconds of current UTCDateTime object.

Parameters

value (int) – Seconds

UTCDateTime._set_year(value)

Sets year of current UTCDateTime object.

Parameters

value (int) – Year

Special Methods

UTCDateTime.__abs__()

Returns absolute timestamp value of the current UTCDateTime object.

UTCDateTime.__add__(value)

Adds seconds and microseconds to current UTCDateTime object.

Parameters

value (int, float) – Seconds to add

Return type

UTCDateTime

Returns

New UTCDateTime object.

Example

>>> dt = UTCDateTime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0)
>>> dt + 2
UTCDateTime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 2)

>>> UTCDateTime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0) + 1.123456
UTCDateTime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 123456)

UTCDateTime.__delattr__(name, /)

Implement delattr(self, name).

UTCDateTime.__dir__()

Default dir() implementation.

UTCDateTime.__eq__(other)

Rich comparison operator ‘==’.

Comparing two UTCDateTime objects will compare the nanoseconds integers rounded to a number of significant digits determined by the precision attribute.

>>> t1 = UTCDateTime(123.000000012)
>>> t2 = UTCDateTime(123.000000099)
>>> t1 == t2
True

Defining a higher precision changes the behavior of the operator

>>> t1 = UTCDateTime(123.000000012, precision=9)
>>> t2 = UTCDateTime(123.000000099, precision=9)
>>> t1 == t2
False

UTCDateTime.__float__()

Returns UTC timestamp in seconds.

Return type

float

Returns

Timestamp in seconds.

Example

>>> dt = UTCDateTime(2008, 10, 1, 12, 30, 35, 123456)
>>> float(dt)
1222864235.123456

UTCDateTime.__format__(format_spec, /)

Default object formatter.

UTCDateTime.__ge__(other)

Rich comparison operator ‘>=’.

Comparing two UTCDateTime objects will compare the nanoseconds integers rounded to a number of significant digits determined by the precision attribute.

>>> t1 = UTCDateTime(123.000000012)
>>> t2 = UTCDateTime(123.000000099)
>>> t1 >= t2
True

Defining a higher precision changes the behavior of the operator

>>> t1 = UTCDateTime(123.000000012, precision=9)
>>> t2 = UTCDateTime(123.000000099, precision=9)
>>> t1 >= t2
False

UTCDateTime.__getattribute__(name, /)

Return getattr(self, name).

UTCDateTime.__gt__(other)

Rich comparison operator ‘>’.

Comparing two UTCDateTime objects will compare the nanoseconds integers rounded to a number of significant digits determined by the precision attribute.

>>> t1 = UTCDateTime(123.000000099)
>>> t2 = UTCDateTime(123.000000012)
>>> t1 > t2
False

Defining a higher precision changes the behavior of the operator

>>> t1 = UTCDateTime(123.000000099, precision=9)
>>> t2 = UTCDateTime(123.000000012, precision=9)
>>> t1 > t2
True

UTCDateTime.__hash__()

An object is hashable if it has a hash value which never changes during its lifetime. As an UTCDateTime object may change over time, it’s not hashable. Use the datetime() method to generate a datetime.datetime object for hashing. But be aware: once the UTCDateTime object changes, the hash is not valid anymore.

UTCDateTime.__init__(*args, **kwargs)

Creates a new UTCDateTime object.

UTCDateTime.__init_subclass__()

This method is called when a class is subclassed.

The default implementation does nothing. It may be overridden to extend subclasses.

UTCDateTime.__le__(other)

Rich comparison operator ‘<=’.

Comparing two UTCDateTime objects will compare the nanoseconds integers rounded to a number of significant digits determined by the precision attribute.

>>> t1 = UTCDateTime(123.000000099)
>>> t2 = UTCDateTime(123.000000012)
>>> t1 <= t2
True

Defining a higher precision changes the behavior of the operator

>>> t1 = UTCDateTime(123.000000099, precision=9)
>>> t2 = UTCDateTime(123.000000012, precision=9)
>>> t1 <= t2
False

UTCDateTime.__lt__(other)

Rich comparison operator ‘<’.

Comparing two UTCDateTime objects will compare the nanoseconds integers rounded to a number of significant digits determined by the precision attribute.

>>> t1 = UTCDateTime(123.000000012)
>>> t2 = UTCDateTime(123.000000099)
>>> t1 < t2
False

Defining a higher precision changes the behavior of the operator

>>> t1 = UTCDateTime(123.000000012, precision=9)
>>> t2 = UTCDateTime(123.000000099, precision=9)
>>> t1 < t2
True

UTCDateTime.__ne__(other)

Rich comparison operator ‘!=’.

Comparing two UTCDateTime objects will compare the nanoseconds integers rounded to a number of significant digits determined by the precision attribute.

>>> t1 = UTCDateTime(123.000000012)
>>> t2 = UTCDateTime(123.000000099)
>>> t1 == t2
True

Defining a higher precision changes the behavior of the operator

>>> t1 = UTCDateTime(123.000000012, precision=9)
>>> t2 = UTCDateTime(123.000000099, precision=9)
>>> t1 == t2
False

UTCDateTime.__new__(**kwargs)

UTCDateTime.__reduce__()

Helper for pickle.

UTCDateTime.__reduce_ex__(protocol, /)

Helper for pickle.

UTCDateTime.__repr__()

Returns a representation of UTCDatetime object.

UTCDateTime.__setattr__(key, value)

UTCDateTime.__sizeof__()

Size of object in memory, in bytes.

UTCDateTime.__str__()

Returns ISO8601 string representation from current UTCDateTime object.

Returns

string

Example

>>> dt = UTCDateTime(2008, 10, 1, 12, 30, 35, 45020)
>>> str(dt)
'2008-10-01T12:30:35.045020Z'

UTCDateTime.__sub__(value)

Subtracts seconds and microseconds from current UTCDateTime object.

Parameters

value (int, float or UTCDateTime) – Seconds or UTCDateTime object to subtract. Subtracting an UTCDateTime objects results into a relative time span in seconds.

Return type

UTCDateTime or float

Returns

New UTCDateTime object or relative time span in seconds.

Example

>>> dt = UTCDateTime(1970, 1, 2, 0, 0)
>>> dt - 2
UTCDateTime(1970, 1, 1, 23, 59, 58)

>>> UTCDateTime(1970, 1, 2, 0, 0) - 1.123456
UTCDateTime(1970, 1, 1, 23, 59, 58, 876544)

>>> UTCDateTime(1970, 1, 2, 0, 0) - UTCDateTime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0)
86400.0

UTCDateTime.__subclasshook__()

Abstract classes can override this to customize issubclass().

This is invoked early on by abc.ABCMeta.__subclasscheck__(). It should return True, False or NotImplemented. If it returns NotImplemented, the normal algorithm is used. Otherwise, it overrides the normal algorithm (and the outcome is cached).

UTCDateTime.__unicode__()

Returns ISO8601 unicode representation from current UTCDateTime object.

Returns

string

Example

>>> dt = UTCDateTime(2008, 10, 1, 12, 30, 35, 45020)
>>> dt.__unicode__()
'2008-10-01T12:30:35.045020Z'